[Federal Register: July 31, 2002 (Volume 67, Number 147)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 49569-49575]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr31jy02-7]
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Highway Administration
23 CFR Part 655
[FHWA Docket No. FHWA-99-6190]
RIN 2125-AE67
Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other Streets and
Highways; Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and Pavement
Marking Materials
AGENCY: Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), DOT.
ACTION: Final rule.
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SUMMARY: The FHWA is revising its color specifications for
retroreflective signing materials. The current color specifications
used in traffic control were developed in the late 1960's. The
technological advances in the manufacturing of signing and markings
materials and the measurement of color have required the FHWA to revise
and expand the color specifications. This revision includes daytime and
nighttime specifications for both assigned and unassigned colors found
in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The FHWA is
adding daytime and nighttime specifications for
[[Page 49570]]
retroreflective pavement marking materials. The materials are required
to provide the specified colors under the identified measurement
protocols throughout service life.
EFFECTIVE DATE: This final rule is effective August 30, 2002.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For technical information: Mr. Ernest
Huckaby, Office of Transportation Operations (HOTO), (202) 366-9064.
For legal information: Mr. Raymond Cuprill, Office of the Chief Counsel
(HCC-40), (202) 366-1377, Federal Highway Administration, 400 Seventh
Street, SW., Washington, D.C. 20590-0001. Office hours are from 7:45
a.m. to 4:15 p.m., e.t., Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Electronic Access
This document, the NPRM, and all comments received may be viewed
online through the Document Management System (DMS) at: http://
dms.dot.gov. The DMS is available 24 hours each day, 365 days each
year. Electronic submission and retrieval help and guidelines are
available under the help section of the web site.
An electronic copy of this document may also be downloaded by using
a computer, modem and suitable communications software from the
Government Printing Office's Electronic Bulletin Board Service at (202)
512-1661. Internet users may also reach the Office of the Federal
Register's home page at: http://www.nara.gov/fedreg and the Government
Printing Office's web page at: http://www.access.gpo.gov.
The current color specifications are on file at the Office of the
Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., 7th Floor, Suite 700,
Washington, DC 20408, and are available for inspection and copying at
the FHWA, Office of Transportation Operations, Room 3408, 400 7th St.,
SW., Washington, DC 20590, as prescribed in 49 CFR part 7.
Background
This final rule is based on the FHWA's notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPRM), Traffic Control Devices on Federal-Aid and Other
Streets and Highways; Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and
Pavement Marking Materials, published in the Federal Register on
December 21, 1999, at 64 FR 71354. All comments received in response to
the NPRM have been considered in adopting this final rule. These
comments are discussed in the section entitled ``Discussion of
Comments.''
The MUTCD is incorporated by reference in 23 CFR 655.601. The color
specifications are found in the appendix to subpart F of part 655.
The current specifications for the color of retroreflective sign
sheeting were determined on the basis of material available nearly 20
years ago. Since then, new microprismatic material has been
commercially available and the original CIE \1\ Illuminant C has been
replaced with CIE Illuminant D65. In addition, an extensive
international effort is in progress to specify the nighttime appearance
of retroreflective materials. Lastly, expanding the specifications to
include fluorescent materials is also necessary at this time since
these materials are used on several traffic signs. In addition to
revising the daytime color specifications for retroreflective sign
sheeting material used primarily for traffic signs, color
specifications for pavement markings and markers are included in this
revision.
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\1\ International Commission on Illumination.
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Discussion of Comments
Interested persons were invited to participate in the development
of this final rule by submitting written or electronic comments on the
NPRM to FHWA Docket No. FHWA-99-6190 on or before June 21, 2000. The
FHWA received 21 comments to the docket (6 from State and local DOTs; 7
from industry; 4 from associations; 3 from institutes/universities; and
1 Federal agency). The FHWA received significant comments that included
concerns with the availability and cost of the laboratory equipment
used, concerns with the use of illuminant D65 for evaluating
the performance of luminescent for fluorescent materials, the use of
luminescent luminance factor (YF) for fluorescent materials.
The FHWA believes the amount of information presented in the tables
published in the NPRM may be overwhelming in content and confusing. The
FHWA has placed the ``luminance'' values in a separate table (i.e., 1a,
3a, and 5a). It is important for users to know that these sub-tables
should be read together in order to define the correct color
requirement.
Commenters recommended that FHWA provide the appropriate references
for types of sheeting material for retroreflective materials. A
breakdown of sheeting type has been added as Table 1a.
Another concern identified through several comments was the lack of
human factors research related to driver recognition of sign colors.
The discussion of human factors research is beyond the scope of this
rulemaking and will be addressed in the future. While laboratory
studies have indicated that human observers require fairly small color
regions to achieve a high degree of agreement (greater than 90 percent)
for color naming, there have been no studies with forced choices. That
is, when presented with a variety of samples spanning colors within a
given color region, responses will vary. Additional studies are needed
wherein the observer is forced to choose between specified color names
to determine if samples taken from near the allowable color region
boundaries might be mistaken for a neighboring color. Pending such
studies, however, there are no indications that the existing color
system should be modified. The color regions in the final rule are not
significantly different from previously defined color regions and
should not be changed without substantial indication of inadequacy.
Several commenters recommended that color specifications for the
color ``fluorescent red'' be included in the specifications.
Fluorescent red was not proposed in Tables 3 or 4 of the NPRM and it is
beyond the scope of this rulemaking. However, this color will be
addressed in future rulemaking, which will allow the public the
opportunity to comment on the proposed specification.
The FHWA adopts, with some changes, the proposed Table 1 to Part
655, Subpart F, Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective
Material with CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry
and CIE Standard Illuminant D65. The American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) sets industry standards for defining
daytime sign color. It also established a standard addressing color
specifications. With few exceptions, Table 1 is the same as this
standard.
The color specifications for ``white'' have been adjusted from
table 1, proposed in the NPRM, which results in a slight enlargement of
the color region in all directions. This slightly larger color region
will not result in loss of color differentiation between white and
other colors as long as differences in the daytime luminance factors
are maintained.
The color specifications for ``orange'' have been adjusted from the
proposed table by adjusting the red border which allows a slightly
shorter wavelength hue line than that proposed in the NPRM. This
results in a slightly greater separation between the red and orange
color regions which will aid in daytime color recognition.
The ``purple'' color specifications have been modified to reflect
the colors
[[Page 49571]]
actually in use. Several commenters pointed out that specifying precise
color regions for unassigned colors may be premature. Accordingly, a
revised color region, incorporating both the hues from the initial
proposal in the NPRM and the existing commercial materials, are
recommended. As use of the materials is further refined, the purple
color box may be optimized or even separated into two distinct colors.
The ``coral'' and ``yellow-green'' color specifications have been
removed from this table. Several commenters mentioned that there are no
studies that indicate yellow-green or coral are effective signing
colors. The FHWA has adopted the color ``fluorescent yellow-green'' for
use with pedestrian, school, and bicycle crossing warning signs and has
included color specifications in Table 3.
The color ``fluorescent coral'' is being proposed for use in
incident management and is being considered under FHWA Docket No. FHWA-
2001-11159, published at 67 FR 35850 on May 21, 2002.
In response to several docket comments, we have removed the color
``black'' from the table. Black sheeting used in traffic control
signage is not a retroreflective product. Commercially available vinyl
elastomeric films meet all the requirements for a high-contrast legend
material.
We have added Table 1a to part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Luminance
Factors (percent) for Retroreflective Material with CIE 2 Degree
Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant
D65, in order to be consistent with the format found in ASTM
Standard Specification D4956-01\2\ which provides three separate tables
of daytime luminance factors (Y) for retroreflective materials: One for
ASTM Types I, II, III and VI sheeting; one for ASTM Types IV, VII,
VIII, and IX; and the third for ASTM Type V sheeting. The different
manufacturing techniques for the various ASTM types have resulted in
varying luminance factors. ASTM Type V is metallized microprismatic
retroreflecting material used primarily for delineators. This material
is not the predominant daytime signal, but provides a nighttime signal
for delineation.
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\2\ ASTM Standard D4956-01a, Standard Specification for
Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control. Copies of this
standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).
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The FHWA has adopted Table 2 to part 655, Subpart F, Nighttime
Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material With CIE 2
Degree Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 Degrees,
Entrance Angle of Plus 5 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, with
very minor changes. The color specifications for the color ``orange''
have been reordered and the two missing coordinates for the color
``red'' have been added. The color ``coral'' has been removed from the
table for reasons given in the preamble discussion for Table 1. At
present there are no known instruments available for field measurement
of nighttime color.
The FHWA has adopted Table 3 to Part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Color
Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material With CIE
2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard
Illuminant D65. The contents of Tables 3 and 4 reflect the
general comments received in response to the docket. The white
boundaries for fluorescent colors have been shifted closer to the
chromaticity diagram loci from those positions proposed in the NPRM in
response to comments that color saturation is as important as luminance
to achieve high conspicuity for colored materials.
The FHWA has added Table 3a to Part 655, Subpart F, Daytime
Luminance Factors (Percent) for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material
With CIE 2 Degree Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE
Standard Illuminant D65, which contains the luminance
factors found in Table 3 proposed in the NPRM for easier recognition.
Specifying the requirements for high-conspicuity (fluorescent)
materials by using daytime luminance factors under CIE Standard
Illuminants D65 and D150 (analogous to noontime
and twilight) have been extensively discussed with the ASTM. There is
disagreement over the use of the fluorescent luminance factor
(YF) as a material requirement since YF cannot be
measured in the field at this time. As an interim step, the FHWA is
defining high-conspicuity materials using a value for the daytime
luminance factor that roughly equals 70 percent of the MacAdam Limit
\3\ for a color near the centroid of the color region. The fluorescent
luminance factor (YF) for high-conspicuity materials is
provided as a provision for quality control by manufacturers, and is
not recommended as a measurement of materials performance for
acceptance or while in service.
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\3\ The MacAdam Limit is the theoretical maximum luminance
factor achievable for a reflective color under a given illuminant.
Values range from 100 percent, for ideal white, to 0 percent for
ideal black.
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Table 4 to part 655, Subpart F, Nighttime Color Specification
Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective Material With CIE 2 Degree
Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 Degree, Entrance Angle
of Plus 5 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, is adopted with only a
slight re-ordering of the x,y coordinates for consistency. At present
there are no known instruments available for field measurement of
nighttime color.
Table 5 to part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Color Specification Limits
for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2 Degree
Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant
D65, is adopted with only a slight re-ordering of the x,y
coordinates for consistency.
Table 5a part 655, Subpart F, Daytime Luminance Factors (Percent)
for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2Degree Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant
D65, is added and, for easier recognition, contains the
luminance factors found in the Table 5 proposed in the NPRM. The
luminance factor (Y) for white and yellow pavement marking materials
proposed in the NPRM were significantly higher than values typically
measured on the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program test
decks after a fairly short period of time. The FHWA deleted the column
heading ``Without Glass Beads'' as the materials should be measured in
the manner they are intended to be used, which includes the glass
beads.
Table 6 to part 655, subpart F, Nighttime Color Specification
Limits for Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material with CIE 2 Degree
Standard Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05 Degrees, Entrance Angle of
Plus 88.76 Degrees and CIE Standard Illuminant A, is adopted in the
final rule with a modification to what was proposed in the NPRM to the
yellow pavement marking materials. The proposed specifications did not
provide sufficient separation between yellow and white, leading to the
potential loss of color recognition at night. This specification
corrects that problem.
Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and U.S. DOT
Regulatory Policies and Procedures
The FHWA has determined that this action is not a significant
regulatory action within the meaning of Executive Order 12866 or
significant within the meaning of the U.S. Department of Transportation
regulatory policies and
[[Page 49572]]
procedures. The economic impact of this rulemaking will be minimal.
Although the new specifications have been revised to incorporate the
latest research, the basic criteria remain essentially the same. These
changes will not adversely affect, in a material way, any sector of the
economy. In addition, these changes will not interfere with any action
taken or planned by another agency and will not materially alter the
budgetary impact of any entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan
programs. Consequently, a full regulatory evaluation is not required.
Regulatory Flexibility Act
In compliance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-
612), the FHWA has evaluated the effects of this action on small
entities and has determined that this action will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
As stated above, although the FHWA has amended this final rule to
incorporate the latest research, the basic criteria remain essentially
the same. For these reasons, the FHWA certifies that this action will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities.
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
This rule will not impose unfunded mandates as defined by the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4, March 22, 1995,
109 Stat. 48). This rule will not result in the expenditure by State,
local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private
sector, of $100 million or more in any one year (2 U.S.C. 1531 et seq).
Executive Order 12630 (Taking of Private Property)
This rule will not effect a taking of private property or otherwise
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental
Actions and Interface with Constitutionally Protected Property Rights.
Executive Order 12988 (Civil Justice Reform)
This action meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.
Executive Order 13045 (Protection of Children)
We have analyzed this action under Executive Order 13045,
Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety
Risks. This rule is not an economically significant rule and does not
concern an environmental risk to health or safety that may
disproportionately affect children.
Executive Order 13132 (Federalism)
This action has been analyzed in accordance with the principles and
criteria contained in Executive Order 13132, dated August 4, 1999, and
the FHWA has determined that this action does not have sufficient
federalism implications to warrant the preparation of a Federalism
assessment. The FHWA has also determined that this action will not
preempt any State law or State regulation or affect the States' ability
to discharge traditional State governmental functions.
Executive Order 12372 (Intergovernmental Review)
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Number 20.205,
Highway Planning and Construction. The regulations implementing
Executive Order 12372 regarding intergovernmental consultation on
Federal programs and activities apply to this program.
Paperwork Reduction Act
Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501, et
seq.), Federal agencies must obtain approval from the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) for each collection of information they
conduct, sponsor, or require through regulations. The FHWA has
determined that this action does not contain collection of information
requirements for the purposes of the PRA.
National Environmental Policy Act
The FHWA has analyzed this action for the purpose of the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and has
determined that this action will not have any effect on the quality of
the environment.
Executive Order 13175 (Tribal Consultation)
The FHWA has analyzed this action under Executive Order 13175,
dated November 6, 2000, and believes that it will not have substantial
direct effects on one or more Indian tribes; will not impose
substantial direct compliance costs on Indian tribal governments; and
will not preempt tribal law. Therefore, a tribal summary impact
statement is not required.
Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects)
We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13211, Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a significant
energy action under that order because it is not a significant
regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to have
a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of
energy. Therefore, a Statement of Energy Effects under Executive Order
13211 is not required.
Regulation Identification Number
A regulation identification number (RIN) is assigned to each
regulatory action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations.
The Regulatory Information Service Center publishes the Unified Agenda
in April and October of each year. The RIN contained in the heading of
this document can be used to cross reference this action with the
Unified Agenda.
List of Subjects in 23 CFR Part 655
Design standards, Grant programs--transportation, Highways and
roads, Incorporation by reference, Signs, Traffic regulations.
Issued on: July 23, 2002.
Mary E. Peters,
Federal Highway Administrator.
In consideration of the foregoing, the FHWA is amending title 23,
Code of Federal Regulations, part 655, as set forth below:
PART 655--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 655 continues to read as
follows:
Authority: 23 U.S.C. 101(a), 104, 109(d), 114(a), 217, 315, and
402(a); 23 CFR 1.32; and 49 CFR 1.48(b).
2. Revise the appendix to subpart F to read as follows:
Appendix to Subpart F of Part 655--Alternate Method of Determining the
Color of Retroreflective Sign Materials and Pavement Marking Materials
1. Although the FHWA Color Tolerance Charts depreciate the use
of spectrophotometers or accurate tristimulus colorimeters for
measuring the daytime color of retroreflective materials, recent
testing has determined that 0/45 or 45/0 spectroradiometers and
tristimulus colorimeters have proved that the measurements can be
considered reliable and may be used.
2. The daytime color of non-fluorescent retroreflective
materials may be measured in accordance with ASTM Test Method E1349,
``Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry'' or ASTM Test Method
E 1347 (Replaces E97), ``Standard Test Method for Color and Color-
Difference Measurement by Tristimulus (Filter)
[[Page 49573]]
Colorimetry.'' The latter test method specified bidirectional
geometry for the measurement of retroreflective materials. The
geometric conditions to be used in both test methods are 0/45 or 45/
0 circumferential illumination or viewing. Uniplanar geometry is not
recommended for material types IV or higher (designated
microprismatic). The CIE standard illuminant used in computing the
colorimetric coordinates shall be D65 and the 2 Degree
Standard CIE observer shall be used.
3. For fluorescent retroreflective materials ASTM E991 may be
used to determine the chromaticity provided that the D65
illumination meets the requirements of E 991. This practice,
however, allows only the total luminous factor to be measured. The
fluorescent luminous factor must be determined using bispectral
fluorescent colorimetry. Commercial instruments are available which
allow such determination. Some testing laboratories are also
equipped to perform these measurements.
4. For nighttime measurements CIE Standard Illuminant A shall be
used in computing the colorimetric coordinates and the 2 Degree
Standard CIE Observer shall be used.
5. Average performance sheeting is identified as Types I and II
sheeting and high performance sheeting is identified as Type III.
Super-high intensity sheeting is identified as Types V, VI, and VII
in ASTM D 4956.
6. The following nine tables depict the 1931 CIE Chromaticity
Diagram x and y coordinates for the corner points defining the
recommended color boxes in the diagram and the daytime luminance
factors for those colors. Traffic control materials shall maintain
the colors and luminance factors provided in the appropriate tables
throughout service. Lines drawn between these corner points specify
the limits of the chromaticity allowed in the 1931 Chromaticity
Diagram. Color coordinates of samples that lie within these lines
are acceptable. For blue and green colors the spectrum locus is the
defining limit between the corner points located on the spectrum
locus:
Table 1 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material With
CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
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x y x y y x x y
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White........................ 0.303 0.300 0.368 0.366 0.340 0.393 0.274 0.329
Red.......................... 0.648 0.351 0.735 0.265 0.629 0.281 0.565 0.346
Orange....................... 0.558 0.352 0.636 0.364 0.570 0.429 0.506 0.404
Brown........................ 0.430 0.340 0.430 0.390 0.518 0.434 0.570 0.382
Yellow....................... 0.498 0.412 0.557 0.442 0.479 0.520 0.438 0.472
Green........................ 0.026 0.399 0.166 0.364 0.286 0.446 0.207 0.771
Blue......................... 0.078 0.171 0.150 0.220 0.210 0.160 0.137 0.038
Light Blue................... 0.180 0.260 0.240 0.300 0.270 0.260 0.230 0.200
Purple....................... 0.300 0.064 0.320 0.200 0.550 0.300 0.600 0.202
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Table 1a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Retroreflective Material With CIE
2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Daytime Luminance Factor (Y %) by ASTM Type
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Color Types I, II, III and VI Types IV, VII, and VIII Type V
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Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum
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White....................... 27 ............ 40 ............ 15 ............
Red......................... 2.5 12 3.0 15 2.5 11
Orange...................... 14 30 12 30 7.0 25
Brown....................... 4.0 9.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 9.0
Yellow...................... 15 45 24 45 12 30
Green....................... 3.0 9.0 3.0 12 2.5 11
Blue........................ 1.0 10 1.0 10 1.0 10
Light Blue.................. 12 40 18 40 8.0 25
Purple...................... 2.0 10 2.0 10 2.0 10
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Table 2 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Material
With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 deg., Entrance Angle of +5 deg. and CIE Standard
Illuminant A.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
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x y x y x y x y
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White............................. 0.475 0.452 0.360 0.415 0.392 0.370 0.515 0.409
Red............................... 0.650 0.348 0.620 0.348 0.712 0.2550 0.735 0.265
Orange............................ 0.595 0.405 0.565 0.405 0.613 0.355 0.643 0.355
Brown............................. 0.595 0.405 0.540 0.405 0.570 0.365 0.643 0.355
Yellow............................ 0.513 0.487 0.500 0.4700 0.545 0.425 0.572 0.425
Green............................. 0.007 0.570 0.200 0.500 0.322 0.590 0.193 0.782
Blue.............................. 0.33 0.370 0.180 0.370 0.230 0.240 0.091 0.133
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Light Blue........................ Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
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[[Page 49574]]
Purple............................ Chromaticity coordinates are yet to be determined.
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Note: Materials used as High-Conspicuity, Retroreflective Traffic Signage Materials shall meet the requirements
for Daytime Color Specification Limits, Daytime Luminance Factors and Nighttime Color Specification Limits for
Fluorescent Retroreflective Material, as described in Tables 3, 3a, and 4, throughout the service life of the
sign.
Table 3 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material with CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
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x y x y x y x y
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Fluorescent Orange.............. 0.583 0.416 0.535 0.400 0.595 0.351 0.645 0.355
Fluorescent Yellow.............. 0.479 0.520 0.446 0.483 0.512 0.421 0.557 0.442
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........ 0.387 0.610 0.369 .546 .428 .496 0.460 0.540
Fluorescent Green............... 0.210 0.770 0.232 0.656 0.320 0.590 0.320 0.675
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Table 3a to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Luminance Factor Limits (Y)
Color --------------------------------
Min Max YF*
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Fluorescent Orange............................................................. 25 None 15
Fluorescent Yellow............................................................. 45 None 20
Fluorescent Yellow-Green....................................................... 60 None 20
Fluorescent Green.............................................................. 20 30 12
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*Fluorescence luminance factors (YF) are typical values, and are provided for quality assurance purposes only.
YF shall not be used as a measure of performance during service.
Table 4 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nighttime Color Specification Limits for Fluorescent Retroreflective
Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and Observation Angle of 0.33 deg., Entrance Angle of +5 deg. and CIE
Standard Illuminant A.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
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x y x y x y x y
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Fluorescent Orange.............. 0.625 0.375 0.589 0.376 0.636 0.330 0.669 0.331
Fluorescent Yellow.............. 0.554 0.445 0.526 0.437 0.569 0.394 0.610 0.390
Fluorescent Yellow-Green........ 0.480 0.520 0.473 0.490 0.523 0.440 0.550 0.449
Fluorescent Green............... 0.007 0.570 0.200 0.500 0.322 0.590 0.193 0.782
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Table 5 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x y x y x y x y
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White........................... 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375
Yellow.......................... 0.560 0.440 0.490 0.510 0.420 0.440 0.460 0.400
[[Page 49575]]
Red............................. 0.480 0.300 0.690 0.315 0.620 0.380 0.480 0.360
Blue............................ 0.105 0.100 0.220 0.180 0.200 0.260 0.060 0.220
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Table 5a to Part 655, Subpart F--Daytime Luminance Factors (%) for
Retroreflective Pavement Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard
Observer and 45/0 (0/45) Geometry and CIE Standard Illuminant D65.
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Luminance Factor (Y%)
Color ---------------------------
Minimum Maximum
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White....................................... 35
Yellow...................................... 25
Red......................................... 6 15
Blue........................................ 5 14
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Table 6 to Appendix to Part 655, Subpart F--Nightime Color Specification Limits for Retroreflective Pavement
Marking Material With CIE 2 deg. Standard Observer, Observation Angle of 1.05 deg., Entrance Angle of +88.76
deg. and CIE Standard Illuminant A.
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Chromaticity Coordinates
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Color 1 2 3 4
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x y x y x y x y
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White........................... 0.480 0.410 0.430 0.380 0.405 0.405 0.455 0.435
Yellow.......................... 0.575 0.425 0.508 0.415 0.473 0.453 0.510 0.490
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Note: Luminance factors for retroreflective pavement marking materials are for materials as they are intended to
be used. For paint products, that means inclusion of glass beads and/or other retroreflective components.
[FR Doc. 02-19140 Filed 7-30-02; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-22-P